The Indigo Revolt (Aka Indigo Riots or Blue Mutiny) of 1859-60 In Bengal, Involved Indigo Growers Going on Protest At Working ay.During and after, taken up by anti-color indian liberals as an excel of the needssity for independence.
In 1859-60, the blue uprising (also known as the blue riot or blue rebellion) of the Blue Plantation in the jurisdiction of Bangladesh, India (a territorial unit in British India, the official name is the jurisdiction of Bangladesh).Strikes.The subsequent violence is aimed at the exploitation of the European planting gardens, but the reason is a example of independence by anti -colonial Indian liberals during the period and afterwards.
India Was Known for its Cottles Through The Middle Ages, and by the MID-16th Century in Northwest India Was Major a Source of Indigo, The Deep Blu e-violet dye use to column and other material. Indigo was in high demand byThe European Trading Companies, Including The British East India Company (EIC) Which Made Profits from its Export. se of indigo growers and dyers, particularly in center as Sarkhej in gujarat and bayana in neighbouringRajasthan, both in northeast india.
In the Middle Ages, India was famous for its cotton textiles. By the middle of the 16th century, Gujarat Bang in northwestern India had become the main producing area of blue blue. The blue -purple dye was used to dye cotton and other materials.The European trading company, including the British East India Corporation (EIC), has a great demand for Lan Lan, and the company has obtained huge profits from the Lan Lan export.East India has made full use of Indian Blue Plantors and dyeders for a long time, especially in the Bayana of Bayana, a Bayana in the northeast of Northeast India.
The Making of Indigo Dye was a Long and Labour-Intensive PROCESS. The Plant Cuttings Were Harvested ONCE A Year in JUNE OR JULY BEANETORE THESET of the Rainy. These we then taken to a faction by card where they we emptied into large vatsTo Steep in Water. The Dyed Water and Mash Was the Boiled as this Brought Out A Richer Color in the Indigo Grains, Which then has to be strained out. EXT PRESSED Into Dried Cakes, Which WERE in Turn PressesAlternatively, The Mass Was Cut Into Cubes and Packed Into Chests Ready for TransportationKolkata Stocks. O the organed shipment to English or the American where it was used to column. From the late18th Century, Bengal Became The Major Center for Indigo Production, Accounting for 67% of London’s Total Imports of the Dye in 1796 (AROUND 2 MILLION) And then rising further into the 19th Century.
The production of blue dyes is a long and laborious process.Once the blue or July before the rainy season starts each year, it is harvested once in June or July.Then use the car to transport them to the factory, pour into the large barrel and soak it in water.Boil the dyed water and mud, so that the color of the blue particles will be stronger, and then filter it out.Then press the blue blue into dry cakes, press the dried cake into the bucket, or cut the cake into a square, put it in the box to prepare for transportation.Most of the Lan Lan was transported to Kolkata to sell it to the merchant, and then the businessman was arranged to be transported to the United Kingdom or the Americas to dye the textiles.Starting from the late 18th century, Bangladesh became the main center of Lanlan production. In 1796, it accounted for 67%(about 2 million kg) of the total amount of dye imports in London in 1796, which was further increased in the 19th century.
The Indigo foundry was a volatile one. TOO MUCH or TOO LITTLE RAIN GREAN GREATLY AFFFECTD The Quantity and Quality of the Dye Produced Each Year, and in Boom Years, OV. ERPRODUCTION BROUGHT A CRASH in the Price. Still, for the long-term Investor, IndigoCould be a very lucrative industry. Unfortunately, The Financial Speculation that Resulted in SUCH A CROP With Potential For Large GAINS WAS Another Source O Finstability. Finally, the local integration of many indigo plantations made they prone to smallBut often swept away aware the factory facilities.
The blue industry fluctuates.Too much or too little rain will greatly affect the number and quality of dyes produced each year. In the year of economic prosperity, excess production will cause price plunge.However, for long -term investors, the blue industry is indeed a rich industry.Unfortunately, financial speculation involving huge profitable crops is another source of unstable.In the end, the geographical location of many blue breeding plantations makes it easy to suffer from flood invasion, which not only harms crops, but also often destroys factory facilities.
Indigo Plantation Owners, Many of WHOM HAD Experience of Running Plantations in the West Indies, WEENE of the Few Categories The East India Company Allowed I nto its territory in india. This was becausel the agricultural Land was almedynselled butlea lucrative travel that indigo investors beCame an exception. Even so, unlike in the plantation systems seen in, for expi) in EIC-Controlled India Could Not Own The Land. Most Indigo Plantation Owners Merly Re conted the Landupon which their crops and production facilities were situated. After 1837 and the relaxation of EIC regulations, some plantation owners began to buy or lease land.
Many of the owners of 中 Blue Plantation have experience in operating plantations in the West India Islands. They are one of the few settlers who allow East India to allow Indian territory.This is because India’s agricultural land has a dense population, but the profit of the blue blue trade has become an exception.Even so, unlike the plantation system of the West India Islands, the owner of the Indian Blue Planting Garden under the control of East India cannot have land.Most owners of the blue plantation garden are just the land where crops and production facilities are leased.After 1837, with the relaxation of the Indian Industrial Property Exchange, some plantation owners began to buy or rent land.
The Plantation Owner Permitted Parcels of the Land He Himset ReNTED to Be Cultivated for Indigo by Local Peasant Farmers, Known in this case as ryots. The scale indigo growers, who will overdee and provide the crow the productNot paying to the owner butreived his capital investment to greow the crop. In return for the inverted, the grower promised to the plantation of the place Ain Quantity of Indigo at a Certain Price at a Future date.To the Volatile Market PROBLEMS MENTIONED ABOVE, and It Meant That Relations Were Not Particularly Good BetWeners and Growers – The Historian D. Gilmour Describes These ‘Industrial Relations’ AS "The Worst in India" (217).
The owner of the planting garden allows local farmers to plant salamanders on the land they rented. This situation is called Ryots.These small -sized blue -blue growers are responsible for supervising and harvesting crops when the production season comes. They do not pay the rent to the owner of the plantation, but accept the capital investment of the owner of the plantation.As an investment return, the growers promise to sell a certain number of sacred blue owners at a certain price to a certain price in the future.This system is particularly prone to market volatility mentioned above, which means that the relationship between the owners and the growers is not harmonious.Historian D. Gilmour described these "labor -funded relations" as "the worst relationship between India" (217).
Typically Living on Isolated Farms, there are only artopean plantation owners in india. They was a breed all on their own. rsuing a live of ease when not hartest time. They played polo, weefElephants, And Took Frequent Drinks At all times of day Except Siesta, Inded It was not uncommon to ridemy miles on HorseBack to Reach Planter or Urban a for one of the Many PARTIES that brightend up the winter season.Ritchie Gives the Follow Summary of their General Character: "Rough, DARING, PRACTICAL COLONISTS… [THEY We] Great Heroes in their Own Eyes … Sant Note of Excessive Self-Assertion and Bravado "(Gilmour, 215-16)The Travel Writ Writ Emma Roberts (1791-1840) Gave a Similar Insight, NOTING The "Barbaric Grandeur" (IBID, 221) in in Which the Owners Lived Home.
European plantation owners usually live in remote farms and have only about 200 European plantations in India.They are self -contained, live in the Daiping room, and pursue a comfortable life in the non -harvest season.They play polo, hunting wild boars, and raising elephants. In addition to nap, they will frequently drink alcohol at any time. In fact, it is also common for horses to go to the owner of the plantation or urban area to participate in the hometown of the planting garden.The visiting local administrative officer, Gerald Ritchie, made the following summary of their overall characteristics: "Rich, brave, and pragmatic settleers … [They] are great heroes in their eyes …[Bring] Unpleasant excessive self-confidence and arrogance "(Gilmour, 215-16). Travel writer Emma Roberts (1791-1840) also has similar insightsChennai Stock. She pointed out that these masters are far from her hometown, andLiving in "Barbarous" (same as above, p. 221).
Troud in the Indigo Industry Began in the Mid-19th Century When there was a global economic slump crause, the price to plummeton. ACTS, The Small-SCALE Cultivators of Indigo Wee-Squeeezed Into Production Dye Material As they HadAlways Done, but at 30-50% of the Market Price. In Addition, MIDDLEMEN WHO COLLECTD The Contract Revenues on Behalf Owners Owners of their Own Cut, FURT Her Increasing Financial Costs for The Growers. Those Cultivators Who Resider Controls SufferedIntimidation, Beating, and EVICTION from the Plantation. TheRe Wee Also Accusations of Murder. S Like Rice Since These Wee only Valuable Locally and Could Not Be Exported for Profit to EUROPE.Legal Redress as the European Plantation Owners KNew Full Well that they Were Not Bound by the Local Law Courts and Colonial Magistrates Seldom Giving Out P Altry Fines and awarning Not to Maltreat Their Workers in the Future.Owners Had Made So Muney, They Had Alream Retired to Britain But to Keep their Source of Income Had Estate Managers, Typically Picked FICALLY for their Intolate Attitude and Tough, intimidatic style of management.
The problem of the Lan Lan industry began in the middle of the 19th century, and the global economic crisis that occurred at the time caused the price of Blue Blue.In order to make up for the funds of the contract loss, small-sized blue growers are forced to produce raw materials as usual as usual, but the price is only 30%-50%of the market price.In addition, middlemen who represent the land owner who collects contract income often require themselves to divide themselves, which further increases the financial cost of the growers.Plantors who resist price control are intimidated, beaten, and even kicked out of the plantation.Other people were accused of murder.Farmers are not allowed to grow rice such as rice, because these products are only valuable in the local area and cannot be exported to Europe to get profits.As the European plantation owners clearly know that they are not subject to the local courts, colonial judges usually do not take any legal remedial measures except for insignificant fines and warnings that they will not abuse workers in the future.Another problem is that many of the plant owners have made a lot of money. They have retired and returned to the UK, but in order to maintain the source of income, they hired manor managers. These managers are usually due to their inaccessible attitudes and toughness and intimidation.The management style is specifically selected.Kanpur Stock
At first, The Indigo GROWERS PURSUED A NON-VIOLENT Approach-They Simply Requesed to grow more indigo, Deliver On their contracts, or sign any new contracts w iTh owners. As one planter state, he would "rather beg than sow indigo" (bhattacharya, 14). Another Stvicegy was to make life difficult for the indian service of plantation owners by enSuring Villagers did not VICES. SOME OWNERS Responded by Suing The Growers for Breach of Contract or By Sending in Armed Guards to CoerceThe growers, but this typically ended only in violent class where evereeen was webolved. ENCE in April 1860 as the growers organised themseelves into armed group group other to fight for them.In the Rioting, Indigo Crops Were Wercked, Plantation Buildings WEERE BRNT DOWN, and Plantation Owners the MEmbers of Their Staff. The Riots Weereordinated and Much Depended on How Ryots Viewed their Individual Plantation Owners. For thesereas, some areaSAW LITTLE VIOLENCE WHILE IN Others The Prisons Were Packed.
At first, the plantators of Lan Blue adopted a non -violent way: they just refused to plant more blue blue blue, refused to perform the contract, or signed a new contract with the land owner.As a grower said, "he would rather be begged or sow a blue blue" (Bhattacharya (14).Another strategy is to ensure that the villagers do not provide the necessary food and services to the Indian servants of the planting garden, so that their lives are in trouble.Some of the owners of the plantation garden are the prosecutors who prosecuted the planters violated the contract or sent armed guards to coerce planters, but this usually ended with violent conflicts, and even women were involved in it.As soon as the tension was touched, violent conflicts broke out in April 1860. Pacifics organized armed groups or paid for other people to fight them.In the riots, the blue crops were destroyed, the plantation building was burned, the owner of the plantation was attacked, and his employees were killed.The riots have not been coordinated, to a large extent on how the villagers view their respective planting gardens.For these reasons, there are almost no violence in some areas, while prisons in other regions are full of people.
The Indigo Riots We Really About a Broken Feudal System and Economic Explootation, But the events Weeon LATCHED on TO BYE Anti-British Press and Indian DLE CLASSES in Calcutta, who Saw An Opportonity to Highlight Anti-British Sentiment in India in General.They Hoped for An of the SePoy Mutiny of 1858, Also in Bengal, When Disgruntled Indian Soldiers of the Eastiania Had Risen in the Been Jo INED by People of All Classes and Some Rulers of the Indian Princely States. In Reality,Though, The Indigo RioTers WeeRe Fighting About A Single issues and they we not joined by Other Peasants Growing Other Crops. Lantation Owners -And they did not attacking either represatics or the institutions of the british colonial government.
The real reason for the violentness of Lan Lan is the collapse of the feudal system and economic exploitation, but the Indian middle class in the anti -British media and Kolkata used these events as an opportunity to highlight the widespread anti -British emotions in India.They want the incident to upgrade, just like the Indian nation uprising that also happened in Bangladesh in 1858. At that time, Indian soldiers who were not full of East India Company were indignant. LaterEssenceBut in fact, the Lan Lan riot just fight for a problem. Farmers who planted other crops did not join their ranks.There is only one goal of a riot: the owner of the plantation, they have neither the representatives of the British colonial government, nor the institutions that attack the British colonial government.
The authorities eventually quashed the riots, and an indigo inquiry commit was easyLished to inventstigate the failings of the Industry. Not forget. DinaBandhu Mitra (1830-1873), a Bengalese Postmaster and Railway Inspector, wrote a play in 1860 Based OnThe ‘Blue Mutiny’, His Nil Darpan (‘The Blue Mirror’). This place was a great success and is conscious one of the earliest and movent works of Bengali thet Re. Play was transitived into English by James Long, An IrishMissionary, but long was imprincisoned for One Month as a Result -The Authorities Claiming He HAD SLANDERED Indigo Plantation Owners. ED, and It was now iLlegal for British Plantation Owners to Oblige. On the Other Hand, in 1866, A New Law Law Concerning Contracts was devned to the Cover Such Refusals to Fulfil Contracts As Had Been Seigo Ryots.
The authorities eventually subsided the riots and established the Lan Lan Investigation Committee to investigate the industry’s mistakes.Banglades did not forget.Dinabandhu Mitra (1830-1873) was a postal director and railway inspector in Bangladesh. He created a drama based on the "Blue Rebellion" of 1860, that is, "Neil ·Dan Pan ("Blue Mirror").The drama has succeeded and is considered one of the earliest and most important works of Bangladesh drama.The play was translated into English by Irish missionary James Long, but the authorities were imprisoned for one month because the authorities accused him of alleging that the owner of the Blue Planting Garden.In 1860, the "Lan Lan Act" was approved, and the owner of the British plantation garden forced the households to plant illegal acts on his land.In addition, in 1866, a new law of the contract was formulated to cover the situation of refusing to perform the contract, just like the situation of the blue tenant.
TheRe Wee more indigo-inspired riots just a decade later, particularly in the bihar state in the middle ganges value. Ving Working Conditions. As Late as 1917, The Plight of Indigo WOS Highlight by the leaderof the Indian Independence Movement Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) WHO CONUCTED OF HIS NON-VIOLENT SATYAGRAHA (CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE) IHAR Specifically in Response to the Plicht of Indigo Growers There.Endangered One. At the end of the 20th Century, a synthetic indigo dye had ben invented in Germany, and this was much cheaper to Produce, Even if les brilliant this an the real thing. Ultimately, The European and Eurasian Indigo Plantation Owners Moved on ElsewhereTO GROW OTHER CROPS LIKE COFFEE, Tea, and Rubber, While The Old Processing Plants and Mansion Houses WEFT to Decay and Be reclaimed by the Jungle.
Just ten years later, more riots caused by Lan Lan had occurred, especially Biharbon, in the middle of the Ganges.The working conditions of the Lan Lan workers seem to be able to improve.As early as 1917, the Indian Independence Movement leader Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) emphasized the dilemma of the blue workers and launched a "non-violent cooperation" campaign in Chapalan (Bihar).At that time, the Lan Lan industry was on the duct.At the end of the 20th century, Germany invented a synthetic blue dye. The production cost of this dye was much lower, although it was not as bright as the real blue blue.In the end, the owners of the Blue Planting Garden in Europe and Eurasia moved to other places to grow other crops such as coffee, tea and rubber, while ancient processing plants and mansion were allowed to rot and be drowned by the jungle.
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Historical writer in Italy.His main interests include the common ideas of ceramics, architecture, world myths and discovering all civilizations.He has a master’s degree in political philosophy and is the publishing director of "Encyclopedia of World History".
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